Copyright

"By 'open access' to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself."

The Budapest Open Access Initiative »

Hindawi publishes all of our journals using a Gold Open Access model. Publication is funded by a fee paid at the time of acceptance, usually by an author’s institution or funder. Author(s) retain copyright of their work, with articles licensed to Hindawi. The vast majority of Hindawi articles use the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY).

Open Access provides a sustainable funding model for scientific communications while ensuring the widest possible access to research. Open Access makes research available to new audiences, readers without the funds or institutional support to cover expensive subscriptions. Open Access allows readers to use articles and data in new ways, including practices like meta-analysis and text mining, which reveal trends in science that would not be obvious at the level of individual articles. Ultimately, Open Access accelerates the pace of research by removing barriers to collaboration.

For the vast majority of articles in Hindawi journals, you do not need to seek permission from Hindawi for reuse. The copyright of most articles remains with the authors, who have chosen to make the articles available for reuse under an open license, such as the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY). These licenses permit reuse and adaptation, as long as the original authors are cited. The applicable license for all articles is included in the front matter of the article in human- and machine-readable formats.

Rarely, Hindawi journals will contain material republished with permission under a more restrictive license. Where applicable, this will be clearly marked. In these cases, you may need to seek permission for reuse from the copyright holder.

Hindawi publishes Contributions under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and any data relating to the article (including without limitation any reference lists) is distributed pursuant to the Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/).

You may:

• share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format); and/or
• adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) for any purpose (even commercially)

provided that you follow the licence terms which include:

• making correct attribution (you must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the licence, and indicate if changes were made.  You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use); and
• not creating any further restrictions (you may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the licence permits).